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Related Concept Videos

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combined Radiotherapy and New Systemic Therapies - Have We Moved Beyond Palliation?

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|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New cancer therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors improve survival. Combining these with radiotherapy requires careful attention to potential toxicities and overlapping side effects for safe and effective patient care.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorspalliative radiotherapystereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)targeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Oncology

Background:

  • Advanced cancer patients are experiencing improved prognoses due to novel systemic therapies.
  • Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors are enabling long-term survival in some patients.
  • The integration of radiotherapy with these new systemic treatments is a critical area of clinical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between novel systemic cancer therapies and radiotherapy.
  • To highlight potential benefits and toxicities when combining these treatment modalities.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding the safe and effective use of combined therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating systemic therapies and radiotherapy interactions.
  • Analysis of clinical data on efficacy and toxicity profiles.
  • Examination of radiosensitizing effects and overlapping toxicities.

Main Results:

  • Many systemic agents enhance radiosensitivity, potentially improving radiotherapy outcomes.
  • Combining BRAF inhibitors with radiotherapy necessitates caution due to significant toxicities.
  • Most systemic therapies can be safely administered with palliative radiotherapy, provided toxicities are monitored.

Conclusions:

  • Careful consideration of overlapping toxicities is essential when combining systemic therapies with radiotherapy.
  • DNA damage response modulators show potential but require further development due to toxicity concerns.
  • Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy may offer additional survival benefits in patients responding to systemic treatments.