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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy.

W Edward Visser1, Robin P Peeters1

  • 1Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones are vital during pregnancy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) testing, adjusted for trimester-specific ranges, is key for diagnosing thyroid disease, while TPO antibodies indicate risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:
FT4TPO-antibodiesTSHpregnancythyroid function teststhyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are essential for healthy pregnancy and fetal development.
  • Pregnancy involves significant physiological shifts that complicate thyroid function test interpretation.
  • Thyroid disease in pregnancy requires careful management due to potential risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the role of TSH, FT4, FT3, and TPO antibodies in pregnant individuals.
  • To discuss the association between thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing trimester-specific reference ranges for TSH measurements.
  • Evaluating the potential interferences in Free T4 (FT4) immunoassays.
  • Assessing the clinical significance of Free T3 (FT3) measurements.
  • Detecting thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies to identify autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • TSH concentration, with trimester-specific ranges, is the primary screening test for thyroid dysfunction.
  • FT4 immunoassays can be affected by various interfering factors.
  • The clinical utility of measuring FT3 during pregnancy remains uncertain.
  • Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity is linked to a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate thyroid function assessment in pregnancy relies on understanding physiological changes and using appropriate tests.
  • TSH testing with trimester-specific ranges is crucial for screening.
  • TPO antibody presence signifies an elevated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, underscoring the importance of screening for thyroid autoimmunity.