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Gender Patterns of Eldercare in China.

Xinxin Chen1, John Giles2, Yafeng Wang3

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Elderly women in China face higher unmet care needs than men, largely due to spouse

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Population aging is a growing global concern.
  • Gender disparities in healthcare access and utilization persist in many societies.
  • Family structures and caregiving roles significantly impact eldercare outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in unmet care needs among older adults in China.
  • To examine the role of marital status and spouse's health in care provision.
  • To inform the development of gender-sensitive eldercare policies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the baseline wave (2011-2012) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
  • Focus on individuals aged 60 and above.
  • Statistical comparison of care needs and unmet needs between men and women, controlling for relevant factors.

Main Results:

  • Women aged 60+ are 7.6% more likely to have care needs and 29.3% more likely to have unmet needs than men.
  • The existence and health status of a spouse significantly explain the gender gap in unmet needs.
  • Men predominantly receive care from wives, while women are primarily cared for by children.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gender disparities exist in unmet eldercare needs in China.
  • Spousal factors are crucial determinants of care receipt, particularly for women.
  • Targeted, gender-sensitive policies are essential to address these inequities in eldercare.