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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
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Ophthalmic Workplace Modifications for the Post-COVID Era.

Hasan Naveed1,2, Victor Leung3, Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati4

  • 1Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.

Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
|September 1, 2020
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Summary

Ophthalmology clinics face high COVID-19 risks for healthcare workers. This review details SARS-CoV-2 transmission and exposure controls to enhance safety for staff and patients in ophthalmic settings.

Keywords:
Ophthalmic WorkplacePersonal Protective EquipmentProtecting Healthcare WorkersSARS-CoV-2COVID-19

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Occupational health and safety
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need for exposure control in healthcare.
  • Ophthalmology professionals in busy clinics and theaters are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ophthalmology.
  • To explain available exposure control options for ophthalmic workplaces.
  • To provide industrial hygiene insights for post-COVID safety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of up-to-date scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes.
  • Evaluation of exposure control strategies.

Main Results:

  • Healthcare workers in ophthalmology are at significant risk due to the nature of procedures.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics is key to effective control.
  • Various industrial hygiene measures can mitigate risk.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing robust exposure control measures is crucial for ophthalmic settings.
  • These measures protect both healthcare professionals and patients.
  • Proactive safety strategies are essential in the post-COVID era.