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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
Published on: August 5, 2016
Nitrogen-Containing Hydrochar: The Influence of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds on the Hydrochar Formation
Muhammad-Jamal Alhnidi1, Paul Körner2, Dominik Wüst1
1Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources Institute of Agricultural Engineering University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 9 70599 Stuttgart Germany.
Abstract:
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of fructose and urea containing solutions was conducted at 180 °C to study the influence of nitrogen-containing compounds on conversion and product properties. The concentration of fructose was fixed, while the concentration of urea was gradually increased to study its influence on the formation of nitrogen-containing hydrochar (N-HC). The degradation of urea has an important influence on the HTC of fructose. The Maillard reaction (MR) promotes the formation of N-HC in acidic conditions. However, in alkaline conditions, MR promotes the formation of bio-oil at the expense of N-HC. Alkaline conditions reduce N-HC yield by catalyzing fragmentation reactions of fructose and by promoting the isomerization of fructose to glucose. The results showed that adjusting the concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds or the pH value of the reaction environment is important to force the reaction toward the formation of N-HC or N-bio-oil.
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