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Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins
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Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins

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Selecting Channelrhodopsin Constructs for Optimal Visual Restoration in Differing Light Conditions.

Tushar H Ganjawala1, Zhuo-Hua Pan2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. tganjawa@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Choosing the right channelrhodopsin (ChR) is crucial for optogenetic vision restoration in diseases like retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study details a protocol for characterizing ChRs to guide optimal selection for therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Channelrhodopsin (ChR)HEK cellsOperational light sensitivityOptogeneticsVision restoration

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Area of Science:

  • Optogenetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Photoreceptor degenerative diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cause vision loss.
  • Channelrhodopsin (ChR)-based optogenetics offers a potential strategy for vision restoration in these conditions.
  • Numerous ChRs with diverse light-response properties are available, necessitating careful selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a standard laboratory protocol for characterizing ChR properties.
  • To provide criteria for selecting optimal ChRs for optogenetic vision restoration applications.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of ChRs in vitro using human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells.
  • Assessment of key light response properties: peak sensitive wavelength (λmax), current amplitude, and kinetics.

Main Results:

  • A reproducible protocol for in vitro ChR characterization was developed.
  • Key ChR properties influencing their suitability for vision restoration were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized ChR characterization is essential for advancing optogenetic vision restoration.
  • The described protocol and selection criteria facilitate the choice of appropriate ChRs for therapeutic use in RP and AMD.