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    Area of Science:

    • Nanomaterials Science
    • Plasmonics
    • Chemical Synthesis

    Background:

    • Aluminum nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for light-harvesting applications.
    • Compared to gold (Au) and silver (Ag), aluminum (Al) is more earth-abundant and cost-effective, but its synthesis is challenging due to precursor reactivity.
    • Controlled synthesis of Al NCs has historically lagged behind Au and Ag, limiting broader research and applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight recent developments in the controlled synthesis of Al NCs and their applications over the past five years.
    • To provide insights into techniques for successful Al NC synthesis and address common challenges.
    • To encourage further synthetic development by elucidating underlying mechanisms controlling size and shape.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated mechanistic understanding of aluminum hydride (AlH3) decomposition using titanium isopropoxide (TIP) as a catalyst.
    • Explored synthetic control strategies including facet-binding ligands, alternative Al precursors, titanium-based reduction catalysts, and solvent composition.
    • Developed postsynthetic modifications of the Al NC native oxide surface with polymer, MOF, and transition metal island coatings.

    Main Results:

    • Significant advancements in Al NC synthesis, including size control and postsynthetic modifications, have been achieved.
    • Demonstrated applications of Al nanoparticles (NPs) in chemical sensing and photocatalysis.
    • Identified key factors influencing reaction products and opened new avenues for synthetic control.

    Conclusions:

    • Aluminum NC synthesis is more accessible than previously perceived, with established protocols and mechanistic understanding.
    • Postsynthetic modifications enable tailored Al NPs for specific applications like molecular sensing and photocatalysis.
    • Further research focusing on particle faceting, seeded growth for monodispersity, and practical applications will establish colloidal Al as a versatile plasmonic nanomaterial.