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Validity study using factor analyses on the Defining Issues Test-2 in undergraduate populations.

Youn-Jeng Choi1, Hyemin Han1, Meghan Bankhead2

  • 1Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America.

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The Defining Issues Test-2 (DIT-2) demonstrates construct validity for measuring moral reasoning development. A bi-factor model better supports the Neo-Kohlbergian soft-stage theory of moral development.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Moral Development
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • The Defining Issues Test (DIT) measures moral judgment development based on Neo-Kohlbergian theory.
  • The Neo-Kohlbergian approach emphasizes continuous postconventional moral reasoning development.
  • Limited research has validated the internal structure and construct validity of the DIT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the construct validity of the Defining Issues Test-2 (DIT-2) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  • To compare the model fit of a bi-factor model versus a 3-factor CFA model for the DIT-2.
  • To determine if the DIT-2 aligns with the Neo-Kohlbergian soft-stage model of moral development.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed a large dataset of undergraduate students.
  • Employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with weighted least squares.
  • Compared a 3-factor model (personal interests, maintaining norms, postconventional schemas) with a bi-factor model including Schema-General Moral Judgment (SGMJ).

Main Results:

  • The bi-factor model demonstrated a superior fit compared to the 3-factor CFA model.
  • Both models achieved acceptable fit indices, suggesting overall validity.
  • Findings indicate the DIT-2 is a valid measure of moral reasoning's internal structure.

Conclusions:

  • The DIT-2 scale is confirmed as a valid instrument for assessing moral reasoning development.
  • The bi-factor model provides stronger support for the Neo-Kohlbergian soft-stage theory.
  • This study validates the DIT-2's internal structure and its theoretical underpinnings.