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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter?
The chromatin
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

CSynth: an interactive modelling and visualization tool for 3D chromatin structure.

Stephen Todd^1,2, Peter Todd², Simon J McGowan³

¹Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|September 1, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

CSynth is a new tool for visualizing and modeling 3D genome structures from chromosome conformation capture data. It offers interactive features and virtual reality for enhanced understanding of gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Computational Biology
Structural Biology

Background:

The 3D organization of chromatin within the nucleus plays a critical role in regulating gene expression.
Chromosome conformation capture (3C) techniques like Hi-C generate extensive genomic interaction data, but interpretation remains challenging with conventional tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an interactive platform for visualizing and modeling 3D genome structures derived from 3C data.
To enable dynamic user interaction with modeling parameters for experimental exploration and analysis.
To facilitate the comparison of 3D genome models across different biological contexts and computational outputs.

Main Methods:

Development of CSynth, a web-based, interactive 3D genome browser and real-time chromatin restraint-based modeller.
Integration of dynamic parameter adjustment for interactive model refinement.
Implementation of a Virtual Reality (VR) module for immersive visualization and manipulation of 3D genome models.

Main Results:

CSynth provides an intuitive interface for visualizing and modeling complex 3D genome data.
The platform allows for real-time, interactive adjustments to modeling parameters, enabling detailed analysis.
A VR component enhances user comprehension and offers potential for educational and public engagement applications.

Conclusions:

CSynth offers a novel and interactive approach to analyzing 3D genome organization from 3C data.
The tool's dynamic modeling and VR capabilities facilitate deeper insights into genome structure-function relationships.
CSynth is accessible online, promoting wider adoption and advancement in the field of 3D genomics.