Imaging spectrum of NUT carcinomas

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiology
• Pathology

Background:

• Nuclear protein in the testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC), previously NUT midline carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive squamous cell carcinoma.
• NC commonly affects the chest or head and neck, presenting with poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinicopathologic and imaging features of NUT carcinoma.
• To discuss current and emerging treatment strategies for NC.
• To highlight the importance of recognizing NC due to underdiagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinicopathologic and imaging findings in NC.
• Discussion of diagnostic challenges and genetic evaluation for NUT translocation.
• Summary of treatment options, including novel therapies.

Main Results:

• NC imaging features include large masses with lymphadenopathy and local destruction, though often non-specific.
• NC is frequently underdiagnosed due to rarity and lack of radiologist awareness.
• Genetic evaluation for NUT translocation is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Recognizing the characteristic, albeit non-specific, imaging and clinical features of NC is vital.
• Prompt genetic testing for NUT translocation is essential for diagnosis.
• Standardized treatment guidelines are lacking, necessitating exploration of emerging therapies.