Advancements in Polymer and Lipid-based Nanotherapeutics for Cancer Drug Targeting

Cancer is a global disease. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide, according to the health report. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occurs in low- and middle-income countries. According to the WHO, in 2015 8.8 million deaths were reported due to cancer worldwide. The conventional system of medicine was used since a long for the management of the disease, but it comes with the drawback of low safety, less efficacy and non-targeting of cancer cells. Nanotherapeutics has become the most exploited drug targeting system based on the safety and efficacy this system provides over the conventional system. This review summarizes an advanced design consideration in anticancer therapy, recent advancements in the nanocarrier-based advanced drug targeting, challenges and limitations related to nanoparticles-based therapy in cancer and its future perspective. The review also lists the on-going clinical trials in the last five years on nano-based therapy for different types of cancer. The data for this article was obtained by an extensive literature review of related published scientific contents from the WHO's website, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, clinicaltrials.gov and other relevant scientific archiving services. The safety and efficacy that nanoparticles provide, and the current research strongly support their application in cancer drug targeting. However, their presence in the market is still limited. Nanotherapeutics in cancer drug targeting needs extensive research in association with pharmaceutical industries. Nano-targeting based therapies are the future of pharmaceutical designing for the diagnosis, management and prevention of different forms of cancer.