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Vibrio cholerae Type VI Activity Alters Motility Behavior in Mucin.

Abby Frederick1, Yuhsun Huang1, Meng Pu1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

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|September 2, 2020
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Summary

Vibrio cholerae uses its type VI secretion system (T6SS) to navigate intestinal mucus. Mucin induces T6SS, reducing bacterial speed and flicking, which may help V. cholerae reach the epithelium.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Cellular Motility

Background:

  • Bacterial motility is crucial for pathogen colonization.
  • Vibrio cholerae must traverse the small intestine's mucus layer to reach the epithelium.
  • The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a key virulence factor in V. cholerae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors influencing V. cholerae mucus transit.
  • To investigate the role of T6SS in V. cholerae motility within mucus.
  • To understand how mucin affects V. cholerae swimming behavior and T6SS activity.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of a V. cholerae transposon library in mucin-containing medium.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D single-cell tracking of wild-type and T6SS mutant strains.
  • Analysis of swimming patterns, speed, and flicking behavior in the presence and absence of mucin.

Main Results:

  • T6SS structural gene mutations were identified as affecting mucus transit.
  • Mucin induced T6SS expression and activity in wild-type V. cholerae.
  • Wild-type V. cholerae showed decreased speed and flicking in mucin, while T6SS mutants were less affected.
  • Reduced flicking in mucin-exposed wild-type cells correlated with decreased swimming speed.

Conclusions:

  • Mucin-induced T6SS activity in V. cholerae reduces bacterial motility and flicking.
  • This reduction in directional changes may promote sustained movement towards the epithelial surface.
  • T6SS plays a dual role: bacterial competition and facilitating host colonization by modulating motility.