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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
Published on: May 22, 2018
Brain and Heart Crosstalk During Neurointerventional Procedures: The Role of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex: An Updated
Tumul Chowdhury1, Abanoub A Rizk2, Emad Al Azazi1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto.
Abstract:
The trigeminocardiac reflex is a well-described brainstem reflex that clinically manifests as bradycardia, hypotension, or apnea. This physiological phenomenon is extensively reported during open neurosurgical procedures, but very few data exist for trigeminocardiac reflex occurrence during neurointerventional procedures. This systematic review aims to provide aggregated information related to the trigeminocardiac reflex during neurointerventional procedures and to improve understanding of the various mechanisms that can incite this unique brain-heart crosstalk.

