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Active vision in immersive, 360° real-world environments.

Amanda J Haskins1, Jeff Mentch2,3, Thomas L Botch2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. ajh.gr@dartmouth.edu.

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Active viewing in virtual reality (VR) enhances information seeking. Participants actively exploring 360° scenes showed more exploratory gaze behavior and quicker fixations compared to passive viewing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Humans actively explore real-world environments using movements like saccades and head turns.
  • Understanding how gaze behavior is affected by active versus passive viewing in naturalistic scenes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of active versus passive viewing on gaze behavior in novel, real-world 360° scenes.
  • To explore how virtual reality (VR) and in-headset eye-tracking can be used to study active scene exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Participants actively explored 360° photospheres using self-directed motion (saccades, head turns) in VR.
  • A passive viewing condition involved participants being head-restricted while photospheres were displayed.
  • In-headset eye-tracking was utilized to record gaze behavior in both conditions.

Main Results:

  • Active viewers demonstrated increased attention to semantically meaningful regions within the scenes.
  • Gaze behavior in active viewers was characterized by more exploratory, information-seeking patterns.
  • Eye movements during active viewing showed quicker and more entropic fixations compared to passive viewing.

Conclusions:

  • Active viewing significantly influences all aspects of gaze behavior, including eye movement patterns and attentional focus.
  • The findings provide benchmark measurements for gaze behavior in 360° naturalistic environments.
  • This research highlights the importance of active engagement in constructing a sense of place.