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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Optical nanoprobes for chiral discrimination.

Arafeh Bigdeli1, Forough Ghasemi, Nafiseh Fahimi-Kashani

  • 1Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran. hormozi@sharif.edu.

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|September 2, 2020
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Summary

This review highlights how engineered nanoparticles (NPs) enable optical nanoprobes for chiral discrimination. These nanomaterials offer advanced enantioselective recognition crucial for drug development and biochemical studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chiral discrimination is vital in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries, particularly for chiral drugs.
  • Enantiomeric recognition enhances understanding of biological molecular recognition mechanisms.
  • Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for chiral sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the engineering of nanoparticles (NPs) for novel optical nanoprobes.
  • To describe colorimetric and fluorimetric assays utilizing chiral NPs for enantioselective recognition.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and examples of NP-based optical chiral assays.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) with specific physicochemical properties.
  • Utilizing various nanomaterials including quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDs), silicon NPs, metal nanoclusters (NCs), and plasmonic nanostructures.
  • Describing colorimetric and fluorimetric assay principles for chiral recognition.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the capability of engineered NPs in developing optical nanoprobes for chiral discrimination.
  • Comprehensive description of colorimetric and fluorimetric assays using diverse chiral NPs.
  • Discussion of sensing mechanisms in NP-based optical chiral assays with examples.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered NPs are effective tools for developing optical nanoprobes for chiral recognition.
  • Various nanomaterials show promise in enantioselective recognition assays.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining challenges and explore future directions in NP-based chiral sensing.