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Postactivation performance enhancement: Does conditioning one arm augment performance in the other?

Vickie Wong1, Yujiro Yamada1, Zachary W Bell1

  • 1Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postactivation performance enhancement is primarily a local effect, meaning it benefits the conditioned muscle most. This effect is more pronounced in resistance-trained individuals, not influenced by muscle size.

Keywords:
PAPPAPEdynamiclocal responsemechanismperformance enhancementvoluntary

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) describes the temporary increase in muscle force output following a conditioning contraction.
  • The underlying mechanisms of PAPE, particularly its specificity to the conditioned limb versus the contralateral limb, require further elucidation.
  • Factors such as training status and muscle morphology may modulate the PAPE effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specificity of postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) to the conditioned muscle versus the contralateral homologous muscle.
  • To examine the influence of training status (trained vs. untrained) on the PAPE effect.
  • To determine if baseline muscle size affects the magnitude of PAPE.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred seven participants (75 untrained, 32 trained) underwent four sessions, including baseline measurements and three randomized experimental conditions: control, same-side conditioning, and crossover conditioning.
  • Isokinetic strength was measured as the primary outcome variable, assessing changes from baseline.
  • Conditioning contractions were performed on either the same or contralateral limb relative to the strength testing limb.

Main Results:

  • The analysis favored the hypothesis that PAPE is a local effect, with the greatest enhancement observed in resistance-trained individuals (mean increase of 1.4 Nm over control).
  • No significant relationship was found between baseline muscle size and the magnitude of postactivation performance enhancement.
  • The findings suggest that PAPE is unlikely to be mediated by a systemic physiological mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Training status significantly influences the postactivation performance enhancement effect, with resistance-trained individuals exhibiting a more pronounced response.
  • Baseline muscle size does not appear to be a determinant factor in the PAPE effect.
  • The evidence supports a local rather than a systemic mechanism underlying postactivation performance enhancement.