Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

880
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
880
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

410
Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
410
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

1.6K
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
1.6K
Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

4.0K
Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring epigenome-proteome interactions underlying post-surgical progression of non-functioning pituitary adenomas using hypernetwork modelling.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Methicillin treatment reveals that FtsZ phosphorylation influences the cell division of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.

PNAS nexus·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into graphene coatings for oral biofilm inhibition and osteoblast compatibility.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Comparative biodegradation of functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets by myeloperoxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Anti-Cell Staining Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis: A Peek Behind the Curtain.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Multi-Layered Genomic and Clinical Analysis Identifies Novel Variants, Co-Occurring Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Pairs, and Clinical Determinants of Host-Pathogen Interaction in COVID-19 Severity.

Journal of medical virology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
13:28

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Published on: February 15, 2012

20.9K

Embryo-Like Features in Developing Bacillus subtilis Biofilms.

Momir Futo1, Luka Opašić1,2, Sara Koska1

  • 1Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|September 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial biofilm development mirrors eukaryotic evolution, with gene expression patterns reflecting evolutionary history. This suggests that early life may have been multicellular, challenging the single-cell origin hypothesis.

Keywords:
Bacillusbiofilmsevo-devophylogeny−ontogeny correlationsproteometranscriptome

More Related Videos

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors
10:17

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Published on: October 9, 2016

16.0K
Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
13:28

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Published on: February 15, 2012

20.9K
Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors
10:17

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Published on: October 9, 2016

16.0K
Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Phylogeny-ontogeny correlations are established in eukaryotic development.
  • Bacterial biofilm formation involves complex multicellular behavior, but its developmental parallels are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if bacterial biofilm ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny at the gene expression level.
  • To determine if bacterial biofilm growth follows developmental principles analogous to eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved transcriptome and proteome profiling of Bacillus subtilis biofilms.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns correlated with evolutionary measures.
  • Assessment of molecular and morphological signatures of biofilm development.

Main Results:

  • Bacillus subtilis biofilm ontogeny shows significant correlation with phylogeny at the expression level.
  • Evolutionarily younger and more diverged genes are increasingly expressed in later biofilm stages.
  • Biofilm growth exhibits regulated, discrete ontogenetic stages, similar to eukaryotic embryos.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis is a bona fide developmental process comparable to eukaryotic development.
  • This finding challenges the traditional view of early life as solely single-celled and free-living.
  • Biofilms, as ancient and prevalent life forms, represent a crucial model for understanding early biological evolution and development.