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Gestational Diabetes Type 2: Variation in High-Density Lipoproteins Composition and Function.

Yael Pasternak1,2, Tal Biron-Shental1,2, Meital Ohana3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM A2) alters high-density lipoprotein (HDL) composition and function in mothers. Placental and maternal HDL changes were observed, but not in fetal cord samples, suggesting a protective placental role.

Keywords:
APOA1GDMA2HDLHUVECPON1placenta

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Class A2 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMA2) poses risks including endothelial damage and cardiovascular disease.
  • Understanding the impact of GDMA2 on maternal and fetal health is crucial for intervention.
  • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play a role in cardiovascular health and may be affected by GDMA2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function and composition of HDL in women with GDMA2 and their fetuses.
  • To evaluate HDL, paraoxonase1 (PON1), and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in maternal plasma, placental tissue, and cord blood.
  • To assess the in vitro effect of HDL on endothelial cell migration.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 30 pregnant women at delivery.
  • Analyzed HDL function and expression of PON1 and APOA1 in blood and placental samples.
  • Measured endothelial cell migration in vitro using HDL from women with and without GDMA2.

Main Results:

  • Maternal plasma APOA1 was decreased in GDMA2 compared to normal pregnancy (NP).
  • HDL from GDMA2 patients released more APOA1 and PON1 and showed altered effects on endothelial cell migration.
  • Placental APOA1 and PON1 were decreased in GDMA2, but these changes were not observed in cord blood samples.

Conclusions:

  • GDMA2 significantly affects HDL composition and function in maternal plasma.
  • Observed HDL alterations in maternal and placental tissues, but not fetal cord samples.
  • Findings suggest a potential protective role of the placenta in preserving fetal HDL integrity.