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Related Concept Videos

Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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A Simple Dewar/Cryostat for Thermally Equilibrating Samples at Known Temperatures for Accurate Cryogenic Luminescence Measurements
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A new fast response cryogenic evaporative calorimeter.

Andrew K Gillespie1, Cuikun Lin1, Robert P Thorn1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 3, 2020
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Summary

A new fast-response evaporative calorimeter measures electrical input and thermal output energy using liquid nitrogen evaporation. This cryogenic calorimeter achieves 97% efficiency, crucial for studying energy dynamics in advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Cryogenics
  • Calorimetry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of energy transfer is critical for understanding material properties under extreme conditions.
  • Existing calorimeters may lack the speed or sensitivity required for dynamic measurements at cryogenic temperatures and elevated pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel fast-response evaporative calorimeter for cryogenic applications.
  • To enable precise measurement of both electrical input and thermal output energy.
  • To characterize the performance of metal capillary-wire composite systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a calorimeter utilizing liquid nitrogen evaporation measured by a mass flow meter.
  • Implemented a four-wire measurement system for precise electrical input energy monitoring (uncertainty < 5%).
  • Employed pressure controllers and ballast volumes for rapid system stabilization (< 2 min).

Main Results:

  • The calorimeter accurately measures steady-state heat output and pulsed electrical inputs (≥ 10 µs).
  • Liquid nitrogen evaporation rate measured with a precision of 2 std.-ml/min.
  • Integrated mass flow determination achieved with < 3% uncertainty.
  • Calorimeter calibration yielded 3.9 std. ml evaporated per joule, indicating 97% efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed evaporative calorimeter offers high efficiency and fast response for cryogenic measurements.
  • The system is suitable for characterizing energy output from various systems, including wire-capillary composites.
  • This technology advances the capability for precise thermal analysis under demanding conditions.