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$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

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Single-pulse (100 ps) extended x-ray absorption fine structure capability at the Dynamic Compression Sector.

Pinaki Das¹, Jeffrey A Klug², Nicholas Sinclair¹

¹Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.

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|September 3, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new X-ray technique to study rapid material changes during shock events. This method captures local atomic structure changes in real-time, advancing our understanding of shock wave dynamics.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
X-ray Spectroscopy

Background:

Understanding shock wave effects requires real-time analysis of local atomic structure.
Traditional Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) struggles with short-duration shock experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel single-pulse transmission EXAFS capability for laser shock-compression experiments.
To enable the study of transient structural and chemical changes induced by shock waves.

Main Methods:

Utilized a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) spectrometer in a transmission geometry.
Employed a high quantum efficiency x-ray area detector for data acquisition.
Achieved high signal-to-noise ratios (~10^3) and energy resolution (~10 eV at 10 keV).

Main Results:

Demonstrated high efficiency and pulse-to-pulse reproducibility for single-pulse EXAFS measurements.
Validated the system with ambient EXAFS spectra of Copper (Cu) and Gold (Au).
Observed significant local structure changes in laser-shocked Germanium (Ge) using single-pulse EXAFS.

Conclusions:

The new EXAFS capability effectively captures dynamic changes in local atomic order during shock events.
This technique provides crucial insights into the short-lived states of shocked materials.
The developed system is accessible to users at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) for experiments between ~9 keV and 13 keV.