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A new adaptive array invariant improves underwater source-range estimation by accounting for all propagation angles. This method enhances accuracy in shallow water environments without angle constraints.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Oceanography
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • The standard array invariant (χ) for source-range estimation in shallow water relies on ideal waveguide assumptions.
  • It is limited to small propagation angles (θ<20°) where the waveguide invariant (β=cos²θ) is approximately constant (β≈1).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the array invariant to incorporate the angle-dependent waveguide invariant (β=cos²θ).
  • To introduce the adaptive array invariant (χβ=χ/β) for accurate range estimation across all propagation angles.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical development of the adaptive array invariant incorporating β=cos²θ.
  • Numerical simulations in an ideal waveguide to validate the method.
  • Experimental demonstration using broadband noise from a ship and a vertical array in shallow water.

Main Results:

  • The adaptive array invariant theoretically provides perfect range estimates without propagation angle constraints.
  • Numerical simulations confirmed the superior performance of the adaptive array invariant.
  • Experimental data validated the adaptive array invariant's effectiveness in a real shallow-water environment.

Conclusions:

  • The adaptive array invariant offers a significant advancement for robust underwater source-range estimation.
  • This method overcomes the limitations of the standard array invariant by fully utilizing waveguide properties.
  • The findings have implications for acoustic monitoring and underwater navigation in diverse shallow-water conditions.