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RNA G-quadruplex structures exist and function in vivo in plants.

Xiaofei Yang1, Jitender Cheema1, Yueying Zhang1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.

Genome Biology
|September 3, 2020
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Summary

This study provides direct evidence for RNA G-quadruplex structures forming in living plant cells. These structures regulate translation and influence plant growth and development.

Keywords:
Gene regulationPlant developmentRNA G-quadruplex structureSelective 2′-hydroxyl acylation with lithium ion-based primer extension (SHALiPE)rG4-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Guanine-rich sequences form stable RNA G-quadruplexes in vitro.
  • The in vivo existence and function of RNA G-quadruplexes in eukaryotes remain unclear.
  • Distinguishing sequence-specific functions from structural roles is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo formation and biological relevance of RNA G-quadruplexes in the Arabidopsis transcriptome.
  • To provide direct evidence for RNA G-quadruplex structures in living eukaryotic cells.
  • To explore the regulatory roles of RNA G-quadruplexes in plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • rG4-seq was used to profile potential RNA G-quadruplexes in the Arabidopsis transcriptome.
  • In vitro and in vivo RNA chemical structure probing were employed.
  • Genetic and biochemical analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • Hundreds of RNA G-quadruplex structures were found to be stably folded in both Arabidopsis and rice.
  • RNA G-quadruplex formation was directly evidenced in living eukaryotic cells.
  • RNA G-quadruplex folding was shown to regulate translation and modulate plant growth.

Conclusions:

  • This study confirms the in vivo existence of RNA G-quadruplexes in plants.
  • RNA G-quadruplex structures are significant regulators of plant development and growth.