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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Aging

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

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Covid-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging.

R J Rylett¹, Flamine Alary², Joanne Goldberg²

¹Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.

Canadian Journal on Aging = La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement

|September 3, 2020

Summary

The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Aging identified key research priorities for COVID-19 impacts on older adults. These include disease response, mental health, care environments, and cross-cutting themes like equity and digital health.

Keywords:

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Covid-19 Institut du vieillissement Institute of Aging Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada adultes plus âgés aging older adults priorisation de la recherche research prioritization vieillissement

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected older adults, necessitating targeted research.
Understanding the pandemic's multifaceted impact on this demographic is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline priority research areas concerning the impact of COVID-19 on older adults.
To guide research funding and initiatives by the CIHR Institute of Aging (CIHR-IA).

Main Methods:

The CIHR Institute of Aging (CIHR-IA) employed an iterative process to identify research priorities.
Consultation and synthesis of expert input informed the identification of key and cross-cutting themes.

Main Results:

Three key research priority areas were identified: disease response (vaccination, therapeutics), mental health and isolation, and supportive care environments.
Four cross-cutting thematic areas were identified: equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI); ethical/moral considerations; evidence-informed practices; and digital health technologies.

Conclusions:

The identified priorities will direct CIHR-IA's strategic response to COVID-19 research needs in older populations.
A comprehensive research agenda is essential to address the complex challenges faced by older adults during and after the pandemic.