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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

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Mixed knobs in corn cobs.

Piero Lamelza1, Michael A Lampson1

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Genes & Development
|September 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize heterochromatic knobs manipulate meiosis by creating neocentromeres that favor egg cell inheritance. Specific knob sequences recruit unique kinesin-14 proteins to establish these neocentromeres, influencing chromosome segregation.

Keywords:
anaphasechromosome segregationheterochromatinkinesin-14knobmeiosismeiotic driveneocentromeretandem repeat

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Maize heterochromatic knobs are repetitive DNA regions.
  • These knobs can influence chromosome behavior during meiosis.
  • Neocentromere formation is a known mechanism for biased chromosome segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which maize heterochromatic knobs form neocentromeres.
  • To identify the specific DNA sequences and proteins involved in knob-induced neocentromere formation.
  • To understand how these neocentromeres bias segregation during female meiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of maize chromosome segregation during female meiosis.
  • Identification and characterization of DNA sequences within heterochromatic knobs.
  • Proteomic analysis to identify proteins interacting with knob regions.
  • Investigating the role of kinesin-14 family members in neocentromere formation.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct types of maize knobs, based on 180-bp and TR1 sequences, were identified.
  • Each knob type recruits specific and divergent kinesin-14 family members.
  • These recruited kinesin-14 proteins are essential for forming neocentromeres at the knobs.
  • Neocentromere formation leads to biased segregation of knobs into the egg cell.

Conclusions:

  • Maize heterochromatic knobs utilize distinct molecular pathways involving specific kinesin-14 proteins to form neocentromeres.
  • This neocentromere formation mechanism ensures biased inheritance of knobs through female meiosis.
  • The findings provide novel insights into chromosome segregation control and the evolution of repetitive DNA elements.