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Occurrence and pathogenicity of the Streptococcus milleri group
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Dental Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
Abstract:
Streptococci of the milleri group are part of the normal flora of human mucous membranes. These streptococci have also been reported to be significant pathogens. Like other mucosal streptococci, they may cause infective endocarditis; unlike other mucosal streptococci, however, they have also been repeatedly associated (more frequently in men than in women) with serious suppurative infections. Evidence for the pathogenicity of the Streptococcus milleri group is scattered and mainly circumstantial. Although the organisms are found in a high proportion of certain suppurative infections, other bacteria are often present as well. Successful treatment of these infections with surgery and broad-spectrum antibiotics is not indicative of any specific etiology. Only a few attempts at the induction of experimental infections other than endocarditis have been effective. Further investigation is required to establish the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanisms of the S. milleri group.
Insights
Streptococcus milleri group bacteria are common in the body but can cause serious infections, particularly in men. More research is needed to understand their role in causing disease.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Streptococci of the milleri group are commensal organisms found on human mucous membranes.
- These bacteria are increasingly recognized as significant pathogens, capable of causing infective endocarditis.
- Unlike other mucosal streptococci, they are frequently implicated in severe suppurative infections, predominantly in males.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize the current evidence regarding the pathogenicity of the Streptococcus milleri group.
- To highlight the association of S. milleri group with serious suppurative infections.
- To identify gaps in knowledge and emphasize the need for further research into their pathogenic mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature and case reports.
- Analysis of epidemiological data linking S. milleri group to specific infections.
- Examination of experimental studies on S. milleri group pathogenicity.
Main Results:
- S. milleri group bacteria are frequently isolated from various suppurative infections, often alongside other microorganisms.
- Evidence for their specific etiological role is largely circumstantial.
- Experimental induction of infections, apart from endocarditis, has had limited success.
Conclusions:
- The pathogenicity of the Streptococcus milleri group is not fully established, with current evidence being scattered and circumstantial.
- While associated with serious infections, their precise role and mechanisms require further investigation.
- Additional research is crucial to elucidate the pathogenic potential of S. milleri group bacteria.