Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.2K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.2K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.5K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.5K
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

60.8K
Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
60.8K
Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis01:26

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

1.1K
A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
1.1K
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

72.3K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
72.3K
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

761
Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it...
761

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation differentially shape immune dysregulation, tissue destruction, and microbiota in experimental periodontitis and peri-implantitis in diabetic mice.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Diabetes exacerbates experimental peri-implantitis in mice with elevated IL-17A-associated inflammation and IL-17F upregulation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Causes Dental Developmental Anomalies: Underrecognized Risk of Fluoride Bioaccumulation.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Interfacial Structure and Interaction between Alkylamine-Modified Ag and Organic Solvent via Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Redox Mechanisms of Silica-Supported Ni Particles: An X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Simultaneous measurements of HERFD-XANES, RXES and RIXS of caesium using a transition-edge sensor.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering
07:55

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

13.7K

Azimuthal-rotation sample holder for molecular orientation analysis.

Takayuki Harano1, Yasuo Takeichi2, Takuji Ohigashi3

  • 1Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Research and Development, Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|September 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new sample holder for scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) improves rotation accuracy. This enables detailed visualization of π-orbital orientation in graphite using X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Keywords:
X-ray absorption near edgecarbonchemical structureorbital orientationscanning transmission X-ray microscopy

More Related Videos

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.0K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering
07:55

An All-in-one Sample Holder for Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography with Minimal Background Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

13.7K
Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

10.0K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate sample manipulation is crucial for advanced microscopy techniques like scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM).
  • Understanding the orientation of molecular orbitals, such as π-orbitals in graphite, provides insights into material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an azimuthal-rotation sample holder for STXM that enhances rotational accuracy and stability.
  • To investigate the two-dimensional orientation of π-orbitals in natural spherical graphite using the developed holder.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel azimuthal-rotation sample holder utilizing a crossed roller bearing for improved accuracy and reduced axis displacement.
  • Utilizing linearly polarized undulator radiation in STXM to probe C K-edge absorption in graphite.
  • Analyzing the optical density ratio of C 1s → π* and 1s → σ* excitations as a function of X-ray polarization angle.

Main Results:

  • The developed sample holder demonstrated improved accuracy in rotation angles and reduced displacement during azimuthal rotation.
  • The study successfully visualized the average two-dimensional orientation angle of π-orbitals at different positions within the graphite sample.
  • The dependence of optical density on rotational angle was clearly observed, validating the holder's performance.

Conclusions:

  • The novel azimuthal-rotation sample holder is a valuable tool for high-precision STXM experiments.
  • The method allows for detailed mapping of molecular orbital orientation in materials like graphite.
  • This technique can be applied to study anisotropic properties in various carbon-based materials and other systems.