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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

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[Hip osteonecrosis].

Philippe Hernigou1

  • 1Clinique Geoffroy- Saint-Hilaire, Paris, France Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France.

La Revue Du Praticien
|September 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hip osteonecrosis, bone death in the femoral head, causes pain and disability, especially in young people. Early MRI diagnosis and emerging stem cell therapies offer hope for better joint outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Hip osteonecrosis involves femoral head bone death due to ischemia or cytotoxicity.
  • It affects young individuals, causing pain and functional disability.
  • Risk factors include corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, dyslipidemia, and sickle cell anemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of hip osteonecrosis.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and emerging treatments.
  • To discuss the systemic nature and associated risk factors of the condition.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosis in young patients with unexplained hip pain and normal X-rays.
  • Advanced stages with joint collapse often require surgical intervention like hip arthroplasty.

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  • Conservative treatments, including mesenchymal stem cells, are explored for early-stage disease.

    • Main Results:

    • MRI enables definitive diagnosis of hip osteonecrosis.
    • Hip arthroplasty offers functional improvement but carries risks due to underlying pathologies.
    • Mesenchymal stem cell therapy shows promise for improving joint prognosis in early stages.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis of hip osteonecrosis via MRI is vital.
    • While hip replacement is effective for advanced cases, conservative treatments are preferred for early stages.
    • Emerging regenerative therapies like stem cells may offer future improvements in managing this condition.