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Risk and Protective Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Control Study in the Lebanese Population
Perla Gerges1,2, Tania Bitar1, Mirna Hawat1
1Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 4, 2020
Summary
Identifying risk and protective factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Lebanon is crucial. Key protective factors include prenatal iron and multivitamins, while maternal stress and family history of ASD or ADHD increase risk.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Pediatric Neurology
- Genetics and Epidemiology
Background:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Understanding risk and protective factors is essential for effective prevention and intervention strategies.
- Limited research exists on ASD-specific factors within the Lebanese population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify potential risk and protective factors associated with ASD in the Lebanese population.
- To provide data for improved guidance on ASD prevention and intervention strategies.
- To analyze factors specific to a Middle Eastern demographic.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 100 ASD patients and 100 healthy controls from Lebanon.
- Data collection through questionnaires.
- Statistical analysis using SPSS, including independent Student T-test, Chi-Square test, and multivariate logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Protective factors identified: prenatal multivitamin intake (Omega-3, Vitamin B), rich cereal diet, and prenatal iron supplementation.
- Risk factors identified: maternal stress during pregnancy, family history of ASD, and family history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) for these factors.
Conclusions:
- This study highlights significant risk and protective factors for ASD in the Lebanese population.
- Findings suggest that nutritional supplementation and management of prenatal stress may play a role in ASD risk.
- Further experimental research is recommended to confirm causality and inform clinical practice for early detection and intervention.
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