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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Related Experiment Video

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Postembolization Syndrome after Prostatic Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review.

Petra Svarc1, Mikkel Taudorf1, Michael Bachmann Nielsen1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

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|September 4, 2020
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Summary

Postembolization syndrome (PES) after prostatic artery embolization (PAE) affects about 25.5% of patients. The most common symptoms include dysuria and local pain, highlighting the need for standardized reporting.

Keywords:
benign prostatic hyperplasiapostembolization syndromeprostatic artery embolization

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Outcomes

Background:

  • Postembolization syndrome (PES) is a common complication following vascular embolization procedures.
  • Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is an increasingly utilized treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and determine the incidence of PES and its individual components following PAE.
  • To identify the most frequent symptoms associated with PES after PAE.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
  • Included studies were in English, focused on human PAE with at least 10 participants.
  • Data on overall PES frequency and individual component incidence were extracted and reported as medians with interquartile ranges.

Main Results:

  • A total of 32 studies comprising 2116 patients met the inclusion criteria.
  • The overall median incidence of PES after PAE was 25.5% (IQR: 12.5-45.8).
  • The most frequent PES components were dysuria/urethral burning (21.7%) and local pain (20%).

Conclusions:

  • PES is a significant side effect of PAE, with dysuria and local pain being the most prevalent symptoms.
  • There is considerable heterogeneity and inconsistency in reporting PES outcomes across studies.
  • Standardization of reporting is crucial for better recognition and management of PES in PAE patients.