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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
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[Pharmaceutical Research and Education].

Kunizo Arai1

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
|September 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This research bridges the gap in pharmaceutical science to improve patient satisfaction. It examines the roles of pharmacists and pharmacies, aiming to evolve the profession and enhance pharmaceutical education.

Keywords:
clinical researchdata analysispharmaceutical educationpharmaceutical research

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Drug Discovery and Development

Background:

  • The central aim of pharmaceutical research and education is patient satisfaction.
  • A gap exists between the ideal and current state of pharmaceutical science.
  • The roles of pharmacists and pharmacies require critical examination to improve patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the gap between the ideal and current practices in pharmaceutical science.
  • To investigate and question the united roles of pharmacists and pharmacies.
  • To foster a change in the work culture of pharmacists for better patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of pharmaceutical research and education.
  • Critical analysis of the roles and integration of pharmacists and pharmacies.
  • Exploration of strategies to enhance pharmaceutical work culture.

Main Results:

  • Identified key areas where pharmaceutical science falls short of the ideal patient-centered approach.
  • Highlighted opportunities for redefining the collaborative roles of pharmacists and pharmacy services.
  • Proposed a framework for evolving the professional culture within pharmacy.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving true patient satisfaction requires continuous improvement in pharmaceutical research and education.
  • A redefined and integrated approach to pharmacy practice is essential.
  • Future directions emphasize innovation in pharmaceutical education and practice to meet evolving patient needs.