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Related Concept Videos

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
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Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
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Axis vertebral dimensions for safe screw placement: A CT normative data analysis.

Vibisha Pragash1, Balaji Douraiswami2, Suresh Subramani3

  • 1SRM Medical College & Research Centre, Chennai, 603 203, India.

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
|September 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Morphometric analysis of the second cervical vertebra (C2) in the Indian population reveals average pedicle and isthmus diameters suitable for screw placement. However, a significant percentage of individuals require pre-operative CT scans to avoid neurovascular injury during craniovertebral surgery.

Keywords:
Axis vertebraIsthmic heightPedicle screwPedicle widthTransarticular screw

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Morphometric evaluation of the C2 vertebra is crucial for craniovertebral region surgery.
  • Individual variations in C2 pedicle and isthmus dimensions necessitate population-specific data.
  • Limited data exists for the Indian population regarding C2 morphometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure average pedicle and isthmus dimensions of the C2 vertebra in an Indian population.
  • To determine safe screw diameters for pedicle and transarticular screw placement in C2.
  • To identify individuals at risk of neurovascular injury due to C2 anatomical variations.

Main Methods:

  • CT scans of 100 Indian patients (18-70 years) were analyzed.
  • Measurements included pedicle width, pedicle angle, internal height, and isthmic height.
  • Anatomic suitability for transarticular and pedicle screw placement was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Mean pedicle screw diameter: 4.99 mm (right), 5.20 mm (left).
  • Mean transarticular screw diameter: 5.05 mm (right), 5.18 mm (left).
  • 28% of pedicles and 22.5% of isthmuses were < 4.5 mm, potentially unsuitable for standard screws.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-operative CT measurement is recommended to identify patients at risk of neurovascular injury.
  • While most C2 vertebrae can accommodate 4 mm screws, variations necessitate caution.
  • 28% of pedicles and 22.5% of isthmuses pose risks for standard screw placement.