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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
Published on: February 11, 2017
Adaptive Parenting Among Low-Income Black Mothers and Toddlers' Regulation of Distress
Erika L Bocknek1, Patricia A Richardson2, Lucy McGoron1
1Wayne State University.
Abstract:
Parenting differs in purpose and strategy according to cultural background (Brooks-Gunn & Markman, 2005; Iruka, LaForett, & Odom, 2012). The current study tests a unique latent factor score, Adaptive Parenting, that represents culturally-relevant, positive parenting behaviors: maternal coping with stress through reframing, maternal scaffolding of toddlers' learning during a low-stress task, and maternal commands during a high-stress task. Participants were Black mothers (N = 119; Mage = 27.78) and their 24- to 30-month-old toddlers. Families were part of a broader study examining family resilience among urban, low-income young children and their families. Results demonstrate that the proposed variables align on a single factor and positively predict toddlers' emotion regulation. Findings are discussed in the context of Black culturally-specific parenting processes.
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