Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 26, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
Published on: September 16, 2022
Evaluating diagnostic performance of clinical tests by spreadsheet modeling. Bayesian analysis using Ri/Cj ratio as a
A F Krieg1, J R Beck, M B Bongiovanni
1Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033.
Abstract:
We present a general spreadsheet model for evaluating diagnostic performance of clinical tests. Our model depicts test results as an r X c matrix, with r possible test results and c possible clinical states. Analysis of this matrix is based on the Ri/Cj ratio, calculated as a number of subjects having a specified result Ri within a given clinical state Cj, divided by total subjects within this clinical state. From this model, we can identify three special cases: (1) a 2 X c matrix, with two possible test results of T+ or T-, over c possible clinical states; (2) an r X 2 matrix, with r possible test results, over two possible clinical states of D+ or D-; and (3) a 2 X 2 matrix, with two possible test results over two possible clinical states. Application of the Ri/Cj ratio to the r X c matrix provides a useful approach to graphic analysis of multiple test results over multiple clinical states. The Ri/Cj ratio also provides a general approach to Bayesian analysis, in which likelihood ratio, relative operating characteristic analysis, sensitivity, and specificity represent special cases or special applications.
Related Concept Videos
Significance Testing: Overview
Statistical Methods to Analyze Parametric Data: Student t-Test and Goodness-of-Fit Test
The Student's t-test is a statistical test that examines if there is a statistically significant difference between the means of two groups. This test is instrumental when dealing with data...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value
Sensitivity is the...
Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials

