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Factors Affecting Respiration

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Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Intraindividual reaction time variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and children's externalizing problems.

Runzhu Zhang¹, Xiaohui Yang¹, Danni Liu¹

¹School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

|September 4, 2020

Summary

Greater intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV), a measure of cognitive control, is linked to externalizing problems in children. This association is stronger when respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity is suppressed during cognitive tasks.

Keywords:

Children's externalizing problems Intraindividual reaction time variability Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children

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Published on: April 29, 2013

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Child Psychiatry

Background:

Intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV) is a cognitive index linked to externalizing problems in children.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity also influences children's externalizing behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between IIRTV and RSA reactivity in relation to children's externalizing problems.
To determine if physiological regulation (RSA reactivity) moderates the link between cognitive control (IIRTV) and behavioral issues.

Main Methods:

168 early elementary school children completed a flanker task for IIRTV assessment.
Parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist-Chinese version (CBCL-CV) measured externalizing problems.
Electrocardiogram data were used to calculate resting RSA and RSA reactivity during cognitive challenge.

Main Results:

Children's IIRTV was significantly correlated with externalizing problems.
A significant interaction was found between IIRTV and RSA reactivity.
IIRTV positively predicted externalizing problems in children with RSA suppression, but not RSA augmentation.

Conclusions:

Greater IIRTV, indicating poorer attentional or cognitive control, is associated with increased externalizing problems.
RSA suppression during cognitive tasks may signify poor physiological regulation, exacerbating externalizing problems in children with deficits in cognitive control.