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The MEK/ERK Module Is Reprogrammed in Remodeling Adult Cardiomyocytes.

Thomas Kubin1,2, Ayse Cetinkaya1,2, Natalia Kubin1,2

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fetal and hypertrophic cardiac remodeling are distinct processes involving the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway. This study reveals specific MAPK reprogramming in each remodeling type, offering insights into heart failure development.

Keywords:
ERKMEKRafRapRasdedifferentiationheart failurehypertrophyremodelingreprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Cardiology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Cardiac remodeling, encompassing fetal and hypertrophic changes, is a precursor to heart failure.
  • The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether fetal remodeling differs from hypertrophy.
  • To determine if the MAPK pathway undergoes remodeling during these cardiac restructuring processes.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes and human failing myocardium were analyzed.
  • Western blot and confocal microscopy were employed to assess protein expression and localization.
  • Fetal remodeling was induced by endothelial morphogens, and hypertrophy by serum stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Both fetal and hypertrophic remodeling induced MAPK pathway reprogramming, with specific alterations in Ras, Raf, MEK, and ERK isoforms.
  • Fetal remodeling was characterized by atrophy, MAPK-dependent ischemic resistance, A-Raf loss, and reexpression of Rap1 and Erk3.
  • Hypertrophy was marked by A-Raf accumulation.
  • B-Raf knockdown via siRNA attenuated MAPK activation and fetal reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal and hypertrophic cardiac remodeling are independent processes.
  • Both remodeling types involve distinct reprogramming events within the MAPK signaling pathway.