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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

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Reducing nitrogen control costs by within- and cross-county targeting.

Yuelu Xu1, Darrell J Bosch2, Moges B Wagena3

  • 1Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.

Journal of Environmental Management
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Targeting agricultural nitrogen reductions across counties can significantly lower costs for improving water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This strategy enhances the cost-effectiveness of environmental protection programs.

Keywords:
Allocative efficiencyBest management practicesEconomic optimizationSimulationSoil and water assessment tool- variable source area (SWAT-VSA)Spatial targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Economics
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program aims to improve water quality by addressing pollution, including nitrogen (N) from agriculture, a major contributor to Chesapeake Bay's
  • dead zone.
  • Best Management Practices (BMPs) are crucial for mitigating agricultural N loss, but their cost-effectiveness varies due to regional differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential for cost reduction in meeting regional water quality goals through targeted N load reductions within and across counties in the Susquehanna watershed.
  • To analyze the economic benefits of different targeting strategies for agricultural N abatement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 2010 US EPA TMDL for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, setting a 35% N reduction goal for Pennsylvania by 2025.
  • Compared a uniform N reduction strategy (baseline) with within-county, across-county, and combined within- and across-county targeting strategies for the Susquehanna watershed.

Main Results:

  • Achieving a 35% N reduction goal showed cost savings of 13% with cross-county targeting, 31% with within-county targeting, and 36% with combined within- and across-county targeting.
  • Targeting N load reductions to areas with lower abatement costs significantly increases the cost-effectiveness of agricultural water quality improvement subsidies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted BMP implementation, considering both within- and across-county variations in N abatement costs, offers substantial cost reductions for meeting water quality objectives.
  • Optimizing government subsidy programs by focusing on cost-effective N reduction areas can enhance the overall efficiency of agricultural nonpoint source pollution management.