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Radiation enteritis: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues.

L Loge1, C Florescu2, A Alves3

  • 1Department of digestive surgery, CHU de Caen, avenue de la Côte-de-Nacre, 14033 Caen cedex, France.

Journal of Visceral Surgery
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation enteritis, a complication of abdominal pelvic radiation therapy, can cause chronic small bowel issues for years. Management focuses on malnutrition, with surgery reserved for severe complications.

Keywords:
Radiation enteritisRadiotherapySmall bowel iterative resections

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Medicine

Background:

  • Abdominal pelvic radiation therapy can cause acute or chronic small bowel lesions, known as radiation enteritis.
  • Late toxicity from radiation enteritis can manifest up to 30 years post-treatment, presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Approximately 20% of patients receiving radiation therapy develop clinical signs of radiation enteritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for radiation enteritis.
  • To highlight the long-term implications and potential complications of radiation-induced small bowel injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on radiation enteritis.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes.
  • Discussion of multidisciplinary management and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Acute radiation enteritis symptoms typically resolve upon cessation of radiation.
  • Chronic radiation enteritis can lead to significant complications including obstruction, malabsorption, and malnutrition.
  • Multidisciplinary management, prioritizing nutritional support, is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation enteritis poses a significant long-term risk, requiring vigilant monitoring and management.
  • Surgical intervention is reserved for complications or treatment resistance, favoring intestinal resection over bypass.
  • Iterative surgeries increase the risk of short bowel syndrome and long-term nutritional dependence.