Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
06:14

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

6.7K

Compression asphyxia and other clinicopathological findings from the Hillsborough Stadium disaster

Jerry P Nolan1, Jasmeet Soar2, Nathaniel Cary3

  • 1Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK jerrynolan@me.com.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|September 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

A 1989 crowd crush at Hillsborough Football Stadium caused 96 deaths, primarily due to compression asphyxia. This study examines the clinical and pathological aspects of crowd crush fatalities, using the Hillsborough disaster as a key case.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Public health
  • Disaster medicine

Background:

  • The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 resulted in 96 fatalities due to a crowd crush.
  • Compression asphyxia was the primary cause of death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the clinical and pathological features of deaths resulting from crowd crushes.
  • To analyze the specific circumstances and outcomes of the Hillsborough disaster.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and pathological data from Hillsborough disaster victims.
  • Analysis of forensic findings related to compression asphyxia.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-six deaths occurred, predominantly from compression asphyxia.
  • Detailed examination of the pathological findings in victims of the crowd crush.

Conclusions:

  • Crowd crushes pose significant risks, leading to fatalities primarily through compression asphyxia.
  • Understanding the clinical and pathological features is crucial for managing and preventing future crowd-related incidents.

Keywords:
cardiac arrestcrowdingdisaster planning and responseresuscitation

More Related Videos

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets07:08

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets

Published on: February 19, 2017

11.3K
Study of Experimental Organ Donation Models for Lung Transplantation08:56

Study of Experimental Organ Donation Models for Lung Transplantation

Published on: March 15, 2024

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
413
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
335
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
119
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
243
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
452
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
236