Evaluation of the in vitro Function of Platelet Concentrates from Pooled Buffy Coats or Apheresis

Platelet concentrates play an important role in transfusion medicine. Their short lifespan and lack of robustness require efforts to ensure adequate product quality. In this study, we compared the in vitro quality of the main concentrate types, pooled platelet concentrate (PPC) from whole blood donations, and platelet concentrate from single-donor apheresis (APC).

Twenty PPCs and 20 APCs prepared in plasma were analyzed on days 2, 4, and 7 of storage. Variables related to metabolism, degranulation, platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and annexin V binding were analyzed. Morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. A microfluidic device was applied to test the effects of shear stress on platelet function.

The metabolic parameters indicated stable storage conditions throughout the 7-day period. The resting discoid form was the prevailing morphology on days 2 and 4 in the PPCs and APCs. Chemokine release and receptor shedding of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40L equally increased in PPCs and APCs. Aggregation responses to ADP and collagen were heterogeneous, with marked losses in collagen responsiveness on day 4 in individual concentrates. Baseline expression of P-selectin in PPCs and APCs was low, and inducibility of P-selectin was well preserved until day 4. Under shear stress, equal adhesiveness and stability were found with platelets from PPCs and APCs.

Platelets from PPCs and APCs showed similar in vitro function and stability parameters. However, platelet concentrates presented a high variability and individual concentrates an impaired functional capability. Identifying the factors contributing to this would help increase product reliability.