Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

1.0K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.0K
Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

127.9K
Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
127.9K
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

120.1K
Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
120.1K
Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

10.0K
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
10.0K
Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

4.2K
Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However, intramolecular...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Meteor over New York City: Brines in a primitive CM asteroid.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Metabolomic profile of edible Amazonian Arecaceae fruits by FT-ICR-MS: Insights into chemical, nutritional and antioxidant profiles.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

High Relevance of Fatty Acid Oxidation in a Migrating Mammal, the Nathusius' Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii).

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Ozone alters the allergenicity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen in a dose-dependent manner.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Quantitation of Vitamin B6 Vitamers and Glycosides in German Alcohol-Free and Full-Strength Beer by a Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Method.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Multi-Mycotoxin Quantification in Soy Protein Powders, Soymilk, Soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i>) and Other Legumes Using a New Targeted Differential Ion Mobility LCMS Method.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method
09:12

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method

Published on: May 19, 2023

1.1K

Decomposing the molecular complexity of brewing.

Stefan A Pieczonka1,2, Marianna Lucio2, Michael Rychlik1

  • 1Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.

NPJ Science of Food
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study used advanced mass spectrometry to analyze beer's chemical makeup, identifying thousands of unknown compounds and revealing metabolic signatures linked to ingredients and brewing methods.

Keywords:
AgricultureSmall molecules

More Related Videos

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes
16:33

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

9.8K
Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
09:38

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method
09:12

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method

Published on: May 19, 2023

1.1K
Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes
16:33

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

9.8K
Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
09:38

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Beer is a complex matrix with thousands of metabolites.
  • Understanding beer's compositional space is crucial for quality control and understanding its characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile the compositional space of diverse beer samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
  • To identify unknown metabolites and link molecular patterns to specific beer attributes.
  • To develop advanced analytical methods for beer metabolome exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid flow-injection analysis (FIA) Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) for high-resolution profiling.
  • Statistical modeling to correlate molecular patterns with beer attributes (type, hops, grain).
  • Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS²) for resolving isomeric complexity.

Main Results:

  • Thousands of unknown metabolites were identified in beer.
  • Distinct metabolic signatures were associated with beer type, hop addition, and grain composition.
  • Benzoxazinoid hexosides identified as markers for whole wheat grain usage.
  • Hydroxymethoxybenzoxazinone(HMBOA)-hexosesulfate discovered as a novel wheat phytoanticipin derivative.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry enables deep metabolic profiling and identification of novel compounds in beer.
  • Metabolomic data can be used for rapid quality control, ingredient authentication, and classification of beer samples.
  • The study significantly expands the knowledge of the beer metabolome beyond database-dependent annotations.