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Dietary patterns are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among preschoolers in

Kyung-Shin Lee1,2, Yoon-Jung Choi1,2, Youn-Hee Lim2,3

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Nutritional Neuroscience
|September 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

A sweet diet in young children is linked to increased attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Conversely, a vegetable-rich diet may reduce ADHD risk, highlighting diet

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurobehavioral Disorders
  • Nutritional Psychiatry
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral condition in children, with limited research on dietary influences in Asian preschool populations.
  • Understanding the impact of early childhood diet on ADHD development is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between dietary patterns in 4-year-old children and the emergence of ADHD symptoms at age 6.
  • To explore specific food group contributions to ADHD risk in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Dietary intake of 4-year-olds was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, analyzing 33 food groups.
  • Major dietary patterns were identified, focusing on sweets, vegetables, meats, and carbohydrates.
  • ADHD symptoms in 6-year-olds were evaluated using the Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale.

Main Results:

  • A sweet dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased risk for attention deficit, hyperactivity, and overall ADHD symptoms (RR 1.37, CI 1.23-1.52).
  • Consumption of sweets like chocolate, chips, and fruit jams showed a positive correlation with AD, hyperactivity, and ADHD symptoms.
  • A vegetable-rich dietary pattern was linked to a reduced risk of ADHD symptoms (RR 0.81, CI 0.72-0.90).

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns, particularly high intake of sweets, are associated with a greater risk of ADHD symptoms in children.
  • A vegetable-rich diet may play a protective role against ADHD development.
  • These findings underscore the importance of dietary factors in understanding and potentially managing ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderDietary patternKoreanSweets

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