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Current status on vascular substitutes.

Anne Lejay1,2,3, Vincenzo Vento4,5, Salomé Kuntz4,5

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France - anne.lejay@chru-strasbourg.fr.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic vascular grafts like polyethylene terephthalate and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene are widely used but do not match autologous conduits. Current synthetic options face challenges with blood clot formation and infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular surgery has advanced significantly with the development of synthetic vascular substitutes.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) are the most common synthetic grafts.
  • Current synthetic grafts aim to mimic human artery properties but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of synthetic vascular substitutes.
  • To highlight the mechanical and biological properties of existing synthetic grafts.
  • To identify the major drawbacks of current vascular substitutes in comparison to autologous conduits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of synthetic vascular substitute development.
  • Analysis of mechanical and biological properties of PET and ePTFE grafts.
  • Comparison of synthetic graft performance with autologous conduits.

Main Results:

  • Polyethylene terephthalate and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene are the dominant synthetic vascular substitutes.
  • No synthetic substitute has achieved the patency rates of autologous conduits.
  • Thrombogenicity and infectability remain significant challenges for current synthetic grafts.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, synthetic vascular substitutes have not surpassed autologous conduits in performance.
  • Further research is needed to overcome the thrombogenicity and infectability issues of synthetic grafts.
  • Improving the biological and mechanical compatibility of synthetic grafts is crucial for better patient outcomes.