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Solid Organ Bioprinting: Strategies to Achieve Organ Function.
Adam M Jorgensen1, James J Yoo1, Anthony Atala1
1Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Richard H. Dean Biomedical Building, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States.
Chemical Reviews
|September 5, 2020
Summary
Engineered solid organs show promise for transplantation, addressing a critical need due to organ shortages. Advances in 3D bioprinting and biomaterials are key to creating complex, functional organs.
Area of Science:
- Tissue Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Increasing demand for solid organ transplants due to rising end-stage organ disease.
- Existing engineered organs (flat, tubular, hollow) have limitations; fully functional solid organs are not yet clinically available.
- Significant patient waitlists and mortality underscore the need for novel organ replacement strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the progress and challenges in bioengineering complex solid organs for transplantation.
- To highlight the role of 3D bioprinting in creating patient-specific organs.
- To discuss the necessary structural scales, material advancements, and regulatory considerations.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting for solid organ development.
- Analysis of advancements in biomaterials science enabling complex organ structures.
- Examination of structural requirements at nano-, micro-, and mesoscales for organ function.
Main Results:
- 3D bioprinting demonstrates significant potential for engineering solid organs with intricate vascular networks and functional microstructures.
- Progress in biomaterials science is crucial for achieving the required structural complexity.
- Key challenges include achieving translatable scale and overcoming regulatory hurdles.
Conclusions:
- Bioengineering complex solid organs using patient-specific cells is a major goal for transplantation.
- Overcoming structural, material, and regulatory challenges is essential for clinical translation.
- Continued advancements in 3D bioprinting and related technologies are bringing engineered organs closer to reality.
