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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

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Neonatal adiposity may increase plasmatic cytokines.

Maria Hernandez-Trejo1, Reyna Sámano2, Gabriela Chico-Barba2

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Increased neonatal adiposity, indicated by birth weight and abdominal measurements, is linked to higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in newborns. Maternal smoking during pregnancy also significantly impacts these immune markers at birth.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Health

Background:

  • Maternal health and nutritional status significantly influence neonatal immune development and energy balance.
  • Adiposity markers in mothers and neonates may correlate with inflammatory cytokine profiles at birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To associate maternal adiposity markers (BMI, gestational weight gain) and neonatal adiposity markers (birth weight, abdominal circumference, waist/height index) with cord blood cytokine levels.
  • To investigate the relationship between specific cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1Rα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and neonatal adiposity.
  • To identify maternal risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes, associated with altered cytokine profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory cross-sectional study with 29 mother-newborn pairs.
  • Analysis of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and smoking status.
  • Measurement of neonatal birth weight, abdominal circumference, and waist/height index.
  • Quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in umbilical cord blood.
  • Application of non-parametric statistical analyses and a generalized linear model.

Main Results:

  • Significant positive associations were found between neonatal adiposity markers (abdominal circumference, birth weight, waist-height index) and cord blood cytokine levels.
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy showed significant associations with cord blood cytokine levels.
  • Gestational diabetes and pre-pregnancy obesity were prevalent in the study population.

Conclusions:

  • Increased neonatal adiposity at birth is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Maternal smoking is a significant factor influencing neonatal immune marker profiles at birth.
  • These findings highlight the impact of neonatal adiposity on early immune system development.