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Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Tatsuo Kanda1, Reina Sasaki1, Ryota Masuzaki1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can worsen chronic liver diseases, potentially leading to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Vaccination and new antivirals are crucial for managing severe hepatitis A and preventing ACLF in at-risk patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can cause severe outcomes, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), particularly in individuals with pre-existing chronic liver conditions.
  • Chronic liver diseases, such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, alongside viral coinfections and host genetics, are implicated in severe hepatitis A.
  • Understanding the interplay between HAV infection and chronic liver disease is critical for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the association between Hepatitis A virus infection and chronic liver diseases.
  • To elucidate the factors contributing to severe hepatitis A and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with underlying liver conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed for studies on HAV infection and chronic liver diseases.
  • Analysis of factors associated with severe hepatitis A and ACLF development.

Main Results:

  • HAV infection can precipitate severe liver injury and ACLF in patients with chronic liver diseases.
  • Factors like metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, viral coinfections, and host genetics may increase the risk of severe hepatitis A.
  • While HAV may not directly cause liver failure, the degree of chronic liver damage correlates with the severity of acute-on-chronic liver disease.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis A vaccination is essential for preventing HAV infection.
  • Development of antivirals targeting HAV is crucial for preventing ACLF in patients with chronic liver disease.
  • Prompt intervention is necessary as patients with HAV infection and chronic liver disease face immediate life risks.

Keywords:
GRP78HBVHCVHIVNASHacute liver failurenonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

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