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Active gingival inflammation is linked to hypertension

Davide Pietropaoli1, Annalisa Monaco1, Francesco D'Aiuto2

  • 1Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila - Dental Clinic - Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Oral DISeases and SYstemic interactions study group (ODISSY group), L'Aquila, Italy.

Journal of Hypertension
|September 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Gingival bleeding, a sign of periodontal issues, is linked to higher blood pressure (BP) and increased odds of hypertension. Periodontal disease severity further impacts BP, suggesting oral health is vital for cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Periodontal medicine
  • Inflammation and disease

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension, are associated with systemic inflammation.
  • Periodontitis, a common inflammatory condition, has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP).
  • The specific relationship between gingival bleeding, an accessible indicator of periodontal health, and hypertension remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gingival bleeding and hypertension.
  • To determine if the severity of periodontal disease influences this relationship.
  • To assess the role of systemic inflammation in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized propensity score matching (PSM) on NHANES III data from 5396 adults (≥30 years).
  • Assessed the association of gingival bleeding with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high/uncontrolled BP using generalized additive models.
  • Stratified analyses by periodontal status (healthy, gingivitis, stable periodontitis, unstable periodontitis) and incorporated inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

  • Gingival bleeding (gingivitis, unstable periodontitis) independently correlated with +2.6 mmHg higher SBP and 1.42 times greater odds of high/uncontrolled BP.
  • Unstable periodontitis showed higher SBP (+2.1 mmHg) than stable periodontitis and gingivitis (+5.3 mmHg).
  • Gingival bleeding and periodontitis severity significantly increased the risk of high/uncontrolled BP, with inflammatory markers improving model prediction by 12%.

Conclusions:

  • Gingival bleeding is a significant factor in the link between periodontal disease and blood pressure.
  • The severity of periodontitis plays a crucial role in this association.
  • Periodontal evaluation may be important for managing difficult-to-control hypertension.
Abstract

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