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Motion artifacts in brain and spine MR
1Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida.
Abstract:
As a result of the effects of cerebrospinal fluid and blood motion, motion artifacts are common in brain and spine MR imaging. These artifacts, which are most common on T2-weighted spin-echo sequences, show up as streaking and ghosting in the phase-encoding (PE) direction (PE artifacts) and as loss of signal from flowing material (flow void). A review of the physical and physiologic causes of these artifacts and a review and explanation of several techniques that are useful in reducing or eliminating them are presented in this article.
Insights
Motion artifacts in brain and spine MRI, caused by fluid and blood flow, create streaking and signal loss. This article reviews their causes and techniques to reduce these common imaging artifacts.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Motion artifacts are prevalent in brain and spine Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging.
- These artifacts stem from cerebrospinal fluid and blood motion.
- They are particularly common in T2-weighted spin-echo sequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physical and physiological causes of motion artifacts in MR imaging.
- To explain techniques for reducing or eliminating these artifacts.
- To improve the quality of brain and spine MR scans.
Main Methods:
- Review of physical principles governing fluid motion in MR imaging.
- Analysis of physiological factors contributing to motion artifacts.
- Explanation of various artifact reduction techniques.
Main Results:
- Motion artifacts manifest as streaking, ghosting (phase-encoding artifacts), and flow voids.
- Understanding the causes is key to artifact mitigation.
- Several effective techniques exist for reducing or eliminating these artifacts.
Conclusions:
- Motion artifacts significantly impact MR image quality.
- Knowledge of causes and application of reduction techniques are essential for diagnostic accuracy.
- This review provides a comprehensive guide for addressing motion artifacts in clinical practice.