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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

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Quantifying surface roughness on UO2 fuel pellets using optical techniques.

Meena Said1, Charlotte W Eng2, Amy E Hixon3

  • 1Nuclear & Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.

Forensic Science International
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear fuel pellets

Keywords:
Fuel pelletMicroscopyNuclear forensicsProfilometrySurface roughness

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear forensics
  • Materials science
  • Surface characterization

Background:

  • Nuclear forensic techniques are crucial for assessing the origin of nuclear materials.
  • Surface roughness of nuclear fuel pellets can serve as a unique identifier.
  • Traditional methods may lack efficiency or non-destructive capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of surface roughness as a nuclear forensic signature.
  • To compare optical profilometry and digital microscopy for surface characterization.
  • To investigate the relationship between grinding techniques and pellet surface roughness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical profilometry and digital microscopy to analyze fuel pellet surfaces.
  • Measured arithmetic average areal (Sa) surface roughness.
  • Examined pellets from three distinct commercial reactor fuel production facilities.

Main Results:

  • Digital microscopy demonstrated superior performance over optical profilometry.
  • Sa surface roughness measurements showed variations between production facilities.
  • Pellet Sa values ranged from 1.54±0.17μm to 2.11±0.12μm.
  • Surface roughness did not solely depend on wet versus dry grinding methods.

Conclusions:

  • Arithmetic average areal (Sa) surface roughness is a viable, non-destructive nuclear forensic signature.
  • Digital microscopy offers an efficient and effective method for this analysis.
  • Sa measurements can help distinguish fuel pellets from different production sources.