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The intrinsic proteostasis network of stem cells
Ernesto Llamas1, Hafiza Alirzayeva1, Rute Loureiro1
1Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 5, 2020
Summary
The proteostasis network is crucial for stem cell function, maintaining pluripotency and preventing disease-related protein aggregation. Enhanced proteostasis also combats somatic stem cell aging and ensures germline stem cell continuity.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Stem Cell Biology
Background:
- The proteostasis network maintains protein homeostasis, essential for cellular function and viability.
- Stem cells possess unique properties, including regenerative potential and fundamental biological roles, making their proteostasis a key research area.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the proteostasis network in various stem cell types.
- To elucidate the role of proteostasis in stem cell pluripotency, differentiation, and disease suppression.
- To explore the implications of proteostasis in stem cell aging and reproduction.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on proteostasis and stem cells.
- Analysis of endogenous proteostasis mechanisms in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
- Examination of proteostasis in somatic and germline stem cells.
Main Results:
- Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells possess an endogenous proteostasis network that regulates pluripotency and differentiation.
- This network confers a significant ability to suppress the aggregation of disease-associated proteins.
- Enhanced proteostasis is vital for preventing somatic stem cell aging and maintaining adult germline stem cell function.
Conclusions:
- Proteostasis is a fundamental determinant of stem cell identity, function, and longevity.
- Dysregulation of proteostasis in stem cells has implications for aging, disease pathogenesis, and reproductive health.
- Targeting proteostasis pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and stem cell disorders.
Keywords:
Adult somatic stem cellsAgingAutophagyCell reprogrammingDifferentiationEmbryonic stem cellsGermline stem cellsHematopoietic stem cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsMuscle stem cellsNeural stem cellsProtein chaperonesProtein synthesisProteostasisRNA-binding proteinsUbiquitin proteasome system
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