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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

23.2K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
23.2K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

967
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
967
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

2.9K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
2.9K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.7K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

2.1K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
2.1K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

688
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
688

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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

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Divalent Cations: A Molecular Glue for Protein Materials.

Hèctor López-Laguna1, Julieta Sánchez2, Ugutz Unzueta3

  • 1Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|September 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Divalent cations are key to life and can act as glues for novel protein materials. This research explores their use in creating stable nanoparticles, fibers, and hydrogels for precision medicine.

Keywords:
biomaterialsfunctional amyloidsnanobiotechnologyprotein engineeringsecretory granulessustained drug release

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Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Divalent cations are essential for numerous physiological processes.
  • Their roles in protein assembly and aggregation are increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding these roles is crucial for developing advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural roles of divalent cations in biological systems.
  • To explore the use of divalent cations as cross-linking agents in novel protein-based materials.
  • To highlight simple biochemical strategies for biomaterial design in precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on divalent cation structural roles.
  • Analysis of coordination chemistry between divalent cations and histidine-rich proteins.
  • Discussion of protein engineering approaches for biomaterial fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Divalent cations act as "glue-like" agents in protein material assembly.
  • Mechanically stable nanoparticles, fibers, matrices, and hydrogels can be formed via cation-protein coordination.
  • Simple protein engineering combined with divalent cations enables facile biomaterial design.

Conclusions:

  • Divalent cations offer a versatile platform for creating advanced protein-based biomaterials.
  • These materials have potential applications in addressing unmet clinical needs in precision medicine.
  • Rational design using cation-protein interactions provides simple yet powerful biomaterial development strategies.